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# If # If
`if`, the most basic (but still surprisingly versatile!) type of control flow, is what you'll learn here. `if` 是最基本(但仍然非常多用途!)的控制流類型,您將在這裡學習它。
## Further information ## 更多資訊
- [Control Flow - if expressions](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-05-control-flow.html#if-expressions) - [控制流 - if 表達式](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-05-control-flow.html#if-expressions)

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// if1.rs // if1.rs
// //
// Execute `rustlings hint if1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint. // 執行 `rustlings hint if1` 或使用 `hint` watch 子命令來獲取提示。
// I AM NOT DONE // I AM NOT DONE
pub fn bigger(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 { pub fn bigger(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
// Complete this function to return the bigger number! // 完成此函數以返回較大的數字!
// If both numbers are equal, any of them can be returned. // 如果兩個數字相等,可以返回任意一個。
// Do not use: // 不要使用:
// - another function call // - 其他函數調用
// - additional variables // - 其他變數
} }
// Don't mind this for now :) // 暫時不用管這個 :)
#[cfg(test)] #[cfg(test)]
mod tests { mod tests {
use super::*; use super::*;

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// if2.rs // if2.rs
// //
// Step 1: Make me compile! // 第一步:讓我編譯通過!
// Step 2: Get the bar_for_fuzz and default_to_baz tests passing! // 第二步:讓 bar_for_fuzz 和 default_to_baz 測試通過!
// //
// Execute `rustlings hint if2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint. // 執行 `rustlings hint if2` 或使用 `hint` watch 子命令來獲取提示。
// I AM NOT DONE // I AM NOT DONE
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub fn foo_if_fizz(fizzish: &str) -> &str {
} }
} }
// No test changes needed! // 不需要更改測試!
#[cfg(test)] #[cfg(test)]
mod tests { mod tests {
use super::*; use super::*;

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// if3.rs // if3.rs
// //
// Execute `rustlings hint if3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint. // 執行 `rustlings hint if3` 或使用 `hint` watch 子命令來獲取提示。
// I AM NOT DONE // I AM NOT DONE
pub fn animal_habitat(animal: &str) -> &'static str { pub fn animal_habitat(animal: &str) -> &'static str {
let identifier = if animal == "crab" { let identifier = if animal == "螃蟹" {
1 1
} else if animal == "gopher" { } else if animal == "地鼠" {
2.0 2.0
} else if animal == "snake" { } else if animal == "" {
3 3
} else { } else {
"Unknown" "未知"
}; };
// DO NOT CHANGE THIS STATEMENT BELOW // 請勿更改下面的這條語句
let habitat = if identifier == 1 { let habitat = if identifier == 1 {
"Beach" "海灘"
} else if identifier == 2 { } else if identifier == 2 {
"Burrow" "地洞"
} else if identifier == 3 { } else if identifier == 3 {
"Desert" "沙漠"
} else { } else {
"Unknown" "未知"
}; };
habitat habitat
} }
// No test changes needed. // 不需要更改測試。
#[cfg(test)] #[cfg(test)]
mod tests { mod tests {
use super::*; use super::*;
#[test] #[test]
fn gopher_lives_in_burrow() { fn gopher_lives_in_burrow() {
assert_eq!(animal_habitat("gopher"), "Burrow") assert_eq!(animal_habitat("地鼠"), "地洞")
} }
#[test] #[test]
fn snake_lives_in_desert() { fn snake_lives_in_desert() {
assert_eq!(animal_habitat("snake"), "Desert") assert_eq!(animal_habitat(""), "沙漠")
} }
#[test] #[test]
fn crab_lives_on_beach() { fn crab_lives_on_beach() {
assert_eq!(animal_habitat("crab"), "Beach") assert_eq!(animal_habitat("螃蟹"), "海灘")
} }
#[test] #[test]
fn unknown_animal() { fn unknown_animal() {
assert_eq!(animal_habitat("dinosaur"), "Unknown") assert_eq!(animal_habitat("恐龍"), "未知")
} }
} }

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# Primitive Types # 原始類型
Rust has a couple of basic types that are directly implemented into the Rust 有幾種基本類型是直接由編譯器實現的。在這一部分,我們將介紹最重要的那些。
compiler. In this section, we'll go through the most important ones.
## Further information ## 更多資訊
- [Data Types](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch03-02-data-types.html) - [資料型態](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch03-02-data-types.html)
- [The Slice Type](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch04-03-slices.html) - [切片類型](https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/book/ch04-03-slices.html)

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// primitive_types1.rs // primitive_types1.rs
// //
// Fill in the rest of the line that has code missing! No hints, there's no // 填寫剩下缺少代碼的行!沒有提示,沒有技巧,只是讓您習慣打字 :)
// tricks, just get used to typing these :)
// I AM NOT DONE // I AM NOT DONE
fn main() { fn main() {
// Booleans (`bool`) // 布林值 (`bool`)
let is_morning = true; let is_morning = true;
if is_morning { if is_morning {
println!("Good morning!"); println!("早安!");
} }
let // Finish the rest of this line like the example! Or make it be false! let is_evening = false; // 像例子一樣完成這行!或者讓它變成 false
if is_evening { if is_evening {
println!("Good evening!"); println!("晚安!");
} }
} }

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// primitive_types2.rs // primitive_types2.rs
// //
// Fill in the rest of the line that has code missing! No hints, there's no // 填寫剩下缺少代碼的行!沒有提示,沒有技巧,只是讓您習慣打字 :)
// tricks, just get used to typing these :)
// I AM NOT DONE // I AM NOT DONE
fn main() { fn main() {
// Characters (`char`) // 字符 (`char`)
// Note the _single_ quotes, these are different from the double quotes // 注意是 _單引號_這與您經常看到的雙引號不同。
// you've been seeing around.
let my_first_initial = 'C'; let my_first_initial = 'C';
if my_first_initial.is_alphabetic() { if my_first_initial.is_alphabetic() {
println!("Alphabetical!"); println!("字母!");
} else if my_first_initial.is_numeric() { } else if my_first_initial.is_numeric() {
println!("Numerical!"); println!("數字!");
} else { } else {
println!("Neither alphabetic nor numeric!"); println!("既不是字母也不是數字!");
} }
let // Finish this line like the example! What's your favorite character? let // 像例子一樣完成這行!您最喜歡的字符是什麼?試試字母、數字、特殊字符,或者不同語言的字符,甚至是表情符號!
// Try a letter, try a number, try a special character, try a character
// from a different language than your own, try an emoji!
if your_character.is_alphabetic() { if your_character.is_alphabetic() {
println!("Alphabetical!"); println!("字母!");
} else if your_character.is_numeric() { } else if your_character.is_numeric() {
println!("Numerical!"); println!("數字!");
} else { } else {
println!("Neither alphabetic nor numeric!"); println!("既不是字母也不是數字!");
} }
} }

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// primitive_types3.rs // primitive_types3.rs
// //
// Create an array with at least 100 elements in it where the ??? is. // 創建一個包含至少 100 個元素的陣列,並填寫 ??? 處的代碼。
// //
// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand // 執行 `rustlings hint primitive_types3` 或使用 `hint` watch 子命令來獲取提示。
// for a hint.
// I AM NOT DONE // I AM NOT DONE
@ -11,9 +10,9 @@ fn main() {
let a = ??? let a = ???
if a.len() >= 100 { if a.len() >= 100 {
println!("Wow, that's a big array!"); println!("哇,那是一個大陣列!");
} else { } else {
println!("Meh, I eat arrays like that for breakfast."); println!("嗯,我早餐吃的就是這樣的陣列。");
panic!("Array not big enough, more elements needed") panic!("陣列不夠大,需要更多元素")
} }
} }

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// primitive_types4.rs // primitive_types4.rs
// //
// Get a slice out of Array a where the ??? is so that the test passes. // 從陣列 a 中獲取一個切片,填寫 ??? 處的代碼,使測試通過。
// //
// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand // 執行 `rustlings hint primitive_types4` 或使用 `hint` watch 子命令來獲取提示。
// for a hint.
// I AM NOT DONE // I AM NOT DONE

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// primitive_types5.rs // primitive_types5.rs
// //
// Destructure the `cat` tuple so that the println will work. // 解構 `cat` 元組,使 println 可以正常工作。
// //
// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand // 執行 `rustlings hint primitive_types5` 或使用 `hint` watch 子命令來獲取提示。
// for a hint.
// I AM NOT DONE // I AM NOT DONE
fn main() { fn main() {
let cat = ("Furry McFurson", 3.5); let cat = ("Furry McFurson", 3.5);
let /* your pattern here */ = cat; let /* 在此填寫解構模式 */ = cat;
println!("{} is {} years old.", name, age); println!("{} is {} years old.", name, age);
} }

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// primitive_types6.rs // primitive_types6.rs
// //
// Use a tuple index to access the second element of `numbers`. You can put the // 使用元組索引來訪問 `numbers` 的第二個元素。您可以將表達式替換到 ??? 處,使測試通過。
// expression for the second element where ??? is so that the test passes.
// //
// Execute `rustlings hint primitive_types6` or use the `hint` watch subcommand // 執行 `rustlings hint primitive_types6` 或使用 `hint` watch 子命令來獲取提示。
// for a hint.
// I AM NOT DONE // I AM NOT DONE
#[test] #[test]
fn indexing_tuple() { fn indexing_tuple() {
let numbers = (1, 2, 3); let numbers = (1, 2, 3);
// Replace below ??? with the tuple indexing syntax. // 使用元組索引語法替換下面的 ???。
let second = ???; let second = ???;
assert_eq!(2, second, assert_eq!(2, second,
"This is not the 2nd number in the tuple!") "這不是元組中的第二個數字!")
} }