翻譯

exercises/19_smart_pointers/README.md

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-# Smart Pointers
+# 智慧型指標
 
-In Rust, smart pointers are variables that contain an address in memory and reference some other data, but they also have additional metadata and capabilities.
+在 Rust 中，智慧型指標是包含記憶體位址並引用其他資料的變數，但它們還具有額外的元數據和功能。Rust 中的智慧型指標通常擁有它們指向的資料，而引用僅僅是借用資料。
-Smart pointers in Rust often own the data they point to, while references only borrow data.
 
-## Further Information
+## 進一步了解
 
-- [Smart Pointers](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-00-smart-pointers.html)
+- [智慧型指標](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-00-smart-pointers.html)
-- [Using Box to Point to Data on the Heap](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-01-box.html)
+- [使用 Box 指向堆上的資料](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-01-box.html)
-- [Rc\<T\>, the Reference Counted Smart Pointer](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-04-rc.html)
+- [Rc<T>，引用計數智慧型指標](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-04-rc.html)
-- [Shared-State Concurrency](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-03-shared-state.html)
+- [共享狀態並發](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-03-shared-state.html)
-- [Cow Documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/borrow/enum.Cow.html)
+- [Cow 文檔](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/borrow/enum.Cow.html)

exercises/19_smart_pointers/arc1.rs

@@ -1,29 +1,23 @@
 // arc1.rs
 //
-// In this exercise, we are given a Vec of u32 called "numbers" with values
+// 在此練習中，我們有一個 Vec<u32> 稱為 "numbers"，其值範圍從 0 到 99 -- [0, 1, 2, ..., 98, 99]
-// ranging from 0 to 99 -- [ 0, 1, 2, ..., 98, 99 ] We would like to use this
+// 我們希望在 8 個不同的線程中同時使用這組數字。每個線程將獲得每八個值的總和，並帶有一個偏移量。
-// set of numbers within 8 different threads simultaneously. Each thread is
-// going to get the sum of every eighth value, with an offset.
 //
-// The first thread (offset 0), will sum 0, 8, 16, ...
+// 第一個線程（偏移量為 0），將總結 0, 8, 16, ...
-// The second thread (offset 1), will sum 1, 9, 17, ...
+// 第二個線程（偏移量為 1），將總結 1, 9, 17, ...
-// The third thread (offset 2), will sum 2, 10, 18, ...
+// 第三個線程（偏移量為 2），將總結 2, 10, 18, ...
 // ...
-// The eighth thread (offset 7), will sum 7, 15, 23, ...
+// 第八個線程（偏移量為 7），將總結 7, 15, 23, ...
 //
-// Because we are using threads, our values need to be thread-safe.  Therefore,
+// 由於我們使用的是線程，我們的值需要是線程安全的。因此，我們使用 Arc。我們需要在兩個 TODO 處進行更改。
-// we are using Arc.  We need to make a change in each of the two TODOs.
 //
-// Make this code compile by filling in a value for `shared_numbers` where the
+// 通過在第一個 TODO 註釋處填入一個值，使這段代碼能夠編譯，並在第二個 TODO 註釋處創建一個 `child_numbers` 的初始綁定。儘量不要創建 `numbers` Vec 的任何副本！
-// first TODO comment is, and create an initial binding for `child_numbers`
-// where the second TODO comment is. Try not to create any copies of the
-// `numbers` Vec!
 //
-// Execute `rustlings hint arc1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+// 執行 `rustlings hint arc1` 或使用 `hint` watch 子命令以獲取提示。
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
-#![forbid(unused_imports)] // Do not change this, (or the next) line.
+#![forbid(unused_imports)] // 不要更改此行或下一行。
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::thread;
 

exercises/19_smart_pointers/box1.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,15 @@
 // box1.rs
 //
-// At compile time, Rust needs to know how much space a type takes up. This
+// 在編譯時，Rust 需要知道一個類型佔用了多少空間。這對於遞迴類型來說會變得很麻煩，因為一個值可以包含同類型的另一個值。為了解決這個問題，我們可以使用 `Box` - 一個用來在堆上存儲數據的智能指針，它還允許我們包裝一個遞迴類型。
-// becomes problematic for recursive types, where a value can have as part of
-// itself another value of the same type. To get around the issue, we can use a
-// `Box` - a smart pointer used to store data on the heap, which also allows us
-// to wrap a recursive type.
 //
-// The recursive type we're implementing in this exercise is the `cons list` - a
+// 我們在這個練習中實現的遞迴類型是 `cons 列表` - 一種在函數式程式語言中經常出現的資料結構。cons 列表中的每個項目包含兩個元素：當前項目的值和下一個項目。最後一項是一個名為 `Nil` 的值。
-// data structure frequently found in functional programming languages. Each
-// item in a cons list contains two elements: the value of the current item and
-// the next item. The last item is a value called `Nil`.
 //
-// Step 1: use a `Box` in the enum definition to make the code compile
+// 第一步：在枚舉定義中使用 `Box` 來使代碼能夠編譯
-// Step 2: create both empty and non-empty cons lists by replacing `todo!()`
+// 第二步：通過替換 `todo!()` 創建空和非空的 cons 列表
 //
-// Note: the tests should not be changed
+// 注意：不應該更改測試
 //
-// Execute `rustlings hint box1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+// 執行 `rustlings hint box1` 或使用 `hint` watch 子命令以獲取提示。
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -27,9 +20,9 @@ pub enum List {
 }
 
 fn main() {
-    println!("This is an empty cons list: {:?}", create_empty_list());
+    println!("這是一個空的 cons 列表: {:?}", create_empty_list());
     println!(
-        "This is a non-empty cons list: {:?}",
+        "這是一個非空的 cons 列表: {:?}",
         create_non_empty_list()
     );
 }

exercises/19_smart_pointers/cow1.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 // cow1.rs
 //
-// This exercise explores the Cow, or Clone-On-Write type. Cow is a
+// 這個練習探索 Cow，也就是 Clone-On-Write 類型。Cow 是一個延遲克隆的智慧指標。
-// clone-on-write smart pointer. It can enclose and provide immutable access to
+// 它可以封裝並提供對借用數據的不可變訪問，並在需要變異或擁有時延遲克隆數據。
-// borrowed data, and clone the data lazily when mutation or ownership is
+// 此類型設計為通過 Borrow 特徵來處理通用的借用數據。
-// required. The type is designed to work with general borrowed data via the
-// Borrow trait.
 //
-// This exercise is meant to show you what to expect when passing data to Cow.
+// 這個練習旨在讓你了解將數據傳遞給 Cow 時會發生什麼。通過在 TODO 標記處檢查 Cow::Owned(_) 和 Cow::Borrowed(_) 來修復單元測試。
-// Fix the unit tests by checking for Cow::Owned(_) and Cow::Borrowed(_) at the
-// TODO markers.
 //
-// Execute `rustlings hint cow1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+// 執行 `rustlings hint cow1` 或使用 `hint` 子命令以獲取提示。
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -20,7 +16,7 @@ fn abs_all<'a, 'b>(input: &'a mut Cow<'b, [i32]>) -> &'a mut Cow<'b, [i32]> {
     for i in 0..input.len() {
         let v = input[i];
         if v < 0 {
-            // Clones into a vector if not already owned.
+            // 如果還未擁有，則克隆到向量中。
             input.to_mut()[i] = -v;
         }
     }
@@ -33,18 +29,18 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn reference_mutation() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-        // Clone occurs because `input` needs to be mutated.
+        // 由於 `input` 需要變異，發生克隆。
         let slice = [-1, 0, 1];
         let mut input = Cow::from(&slice[..]);
         match abs_all(&mut input) {
             Cow::Owned(_) => Ok(()),
-            _ => Err("Expected owned value"),
+            _ => Err("預期為擁有值"),
         }
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn reference_no_mutation() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-        // No clone occurs because `input` doesn't need to be mutated.
+        // 由於 `input` 不需要變異，未發生克隆。
         let slice = [0, 1, 2];
         let mut input = Cow::from(&slice[..]);
         match abs_all(&mut input) {
@@ -54,9 +50,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn owned_no_mutation() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-        // We can also pass `slice` without `&` so Cow owns it directly. In this
+        // 我們也可以直接傳遞 `slice` 而不使用 `&`，這樣 Cow 直接擁有它。
-        // case no mutation occurs and thus also no clone, but the result is
+        // 在這種情況下不發生變異，因此也不會克隆，但結果仍然是擁有的，因為它從未被借用或變異。
-        // still owned because it was never borrowed or mutated.
         let slice = vec![0, 1, 2];
         let mut input = Cow::from(slice);
         match abs_all(&mut input) {
@@ -66,9 +61,8 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn owned_mutation() -> Result<(), &'static str> {
-        // Of course this is also the case if a mutation does occur. In this
+        // 當然，如果發生變異，也是這種情況。
-        // case the call to `to_mut()` in the abs_all() function returns a
+        // 在這種情況下，對 abs_all() 函數中的 `to_mut()` 調用返回對與之前相同數據的引用。
-        // reference to the same data as before.
         let slice = vec![-1, 0, 1];
         let mut input = Cow::from(slice);
         match abs_all(&mut input) {

exercises/19_smart_pointers/rc1.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,10 @@
 // rc1.rs
 //
-// In this exercise, we want to express the concept of multiple owners via the
+// 在這個練習中，我們想要通過 Rc<T> 類型來表達多個所有者的概念。這是一個我們的太陽系模型 - 有一個 Sun 類型和多個行星。行星擁有太陽，表示它們圍繞著太陽旋轉。
-// Rc<T> type. This is a model of our solar system - there is a Sun type and
-// multiple Planets. The Planets take ownership of the sun, indicating that they
-// revolve around the sun.
 //
-// Make this code compile by using the proper Rc primitives to express that the
+// 通過使用適當的 Rc 原語來使這個代碼編譯，表示太陽有多個所有者。
-// sun has multiple owners.
 //
-// Execute `rustlings hint rc1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
+// 執行 `rustlings hint rc1` 或使用 `hint` 子命令以獲取提示。
 
 // I AM NOT DONE
 
@@ -38,68 +34,68 @@ impl Planet {
 #[test]
 fn main() {
     let sun = Rc::new(Sun {});
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 個引用
 
     let mercury = Planet::Mercury(Rc::clone(&sun));
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 個引用
     mercury.details();
 
     let venus = Planet::Venus(Rc::clone(&sun));
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 個引用
     venus.details();
 
     let earth = Planet::Earth(Rc::clone(&sun));
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 個引用
     earth.details();
 
     let mars = Planet::Mars(Rc::clone(&sun));
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 個引用
     mars.details();
 
     let jupiter = Planet::Jupiter(Rc::clone(&sun));
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 個引用
     jupiter.details();
 
     // TODO
     let saturn = Planet::Saturn(Rc::new(Sun {}));
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 個引用
     saturn.details();
 
     // TODO
     let uranus = Planet::Uranus(Rc::new(Sun {}));
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 個引用
     uranus.details();
 
     // TODO
     let neptune = Planet::Neptune(Rc::new(Sun {}));
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 9 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 9 個引用
     neptune.details();
 
     assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 9);
 
     drop(neptune);
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 個引用
 
     drop(uranus);
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 個引用
 
     drop(saturn);
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 個引用
 
     drop(jupiter);
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 個引用
 
     drop(mars);
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 個引用
 
     // TODO
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 個引用
 
     // TODO
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 個引用
 
     // TODO
-    println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference
+    println!("引用計數 = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 個引用
 
     assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 1);
 }