From 7c317f0779ea8decbe4ffb9033de476fa9977a54 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: S P <palutz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 5 Aug 2023 21:26:54 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Steo (#4)

* hashmaps

* quiz, options

* error01

* errors, generics

* traits, quiz3

* lifetime, tests

* iterators, smart pointers
---
 exercises/iterators/iterators1.rs | 10 ++++------
 exercises/iterators/iterators2.rs |  9 ++++-----
 exercises/iterators/iterators3.rs | 24 +++++++++++++++++-------
 exercises/iterators/iterators4.rs |  4 ++--
 exercises/iterators/iterators5.rs |  8 ++++----
 exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs |  4 +---
 exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs |  5 ++---
 exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs |  8 +++-----
 exercises/quiz3.rs                | 10 +++++++++-
 exercises/smart_pointers/arc1.rs  | 12 ++++++++----
 exercises/smart_pointers/box1.rs  | 10 +++++-----
 exercises/smart_pointers/cow1.rs  |  8 ++++++--
 exercises/smart_pointers/rc1.rs   | 13 ++++++-------
 exercises/tests/tests1.rs         |  4 +---
 exercises/tests/tests2.rs         |  4 +---
 exercises/tests/tests3.rs         |  5 ++---
 exercises/tests/tests4.rs         |  8 ++++----
 17 files changed, 79 insertions(+), 67 deletions(-)

diff --git a/exercises/iterators/iterators1.rs b/exercises/iterators/iterators1.rs
index b3f698be..2a89ae42 100644
--- a/exercises/iterators/iterators1.rs
+++ b/exercises/iterators/iterators1.rs
@@ -9,17 +9,15 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint iterators1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 fn main() {
     let my_fav_fruits = vec!["banana", "custard apple", "avocado", "peach", "raspberry"];
 
-    let mut my_iterable_fav_fruits = ???;   // TODO: Step 1
+    let mut my_iterable_fav_fruits = my_fav_fruits.iter();   // TODO: Step 1
 
     assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"banana"));
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 2
+    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"custard apple"));     // TODO: Step 2
     assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"avocado"));
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 3
+    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"peach"));     // TODO: Step 3
     assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), Some(&"raspberry"));
-    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), ???);     // TODO: Step 4
+    assert_eq!(my_iterable_fav_fruits.next(), None);     // TODO: Step 4
 }
diff --git a/exercises/iterators/iterators2.rs b/exercises/iterators/iterators2.rs
index dda82a08..16ccb422 100644
--- a/exercises/iterators/iterators2.rs
+++ b/exercises/iterators/iterators2.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint iterators2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 // Step 1.
 // Complete the `capitalize_first` function.
 // "hello" -> "Hello"
@@ -15,7 +13,7 @@ pub fn capitalize_first(input: &str) -> String {
     let mut c = input.chars();
     match c.next() {
         None => String::new(),
-        Some(first) => ???,
+        Some(first) => format!("{}{}",char::to_uppercase(first), c.as_str())
     }
 }
 
@@ -24,7 +22,8 @@ pub fn capitalize_first(input: &str) -> String {
 // Return a vector of strings.
 // ["hello", "world"] -> ["Hello", "World"]
 pub fn capitalize_words_vector(words: &[&str]) -> Vec<String> {
-    vec![]
+    let mut wi = words.iter();
+    wi.map(|ww| capitalize_first(ww)).collect::<Vec<String>>()
 }
 
 // Step 3.
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ pub fn capitalize_words_vector(words: &[&str]) -> Vec<String> {
 // Return a single string.
 // ["hello", " ", "world"] -> "Hello World"
 pub fn capitalize_words_string(words: &[&str]) -> String {
-    String::new()
+    capitalize_words_vector(words).concat()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/exercises/iterators/iterators3.rs b/exercises/iterators/iterators3.rs
index 29fa23a3..0c7292d3 100644
--- a/exercises/iterators/iterators3.rs
+++ b/exercises/iterators/iterators3.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint iterators3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum DivisionError {
     NotDivisible(NotDivisibleError),
@@ -26,23 +24,35 @@ pub struct NotDivisibleError {
 // Calculate `a` divided by `b` if `a` is evenly divisible by `b`.
 // Otherwise, return a suitable error.
 pub fn divide(a: i32, b: i32) -> Result<i32, DivisionError> {
-    todo!();
+    match b {
+        0 => Err(DivisionError::DivideByZero),
+        _ => if a % b == 0 {
+                 Ok(a / b)
+             } else {
+                 Err(DivisionError::NotDivisible(NotDivisibleError { dividend: a, divisor: b }))
+             }
+    }
 }
 
 // Complete the function and return a value of the correct type so the test
 // passes.
 // Desired output: Ok([1, 11, 1426, 3])
-fn result_with_list() -> () {
+fn result_with_list() -> Result<Vec<i32>, DivisionError> {
     let numbers = vec![27, 297, 38502, 81];
-    let division_results = numbers.into_iter().map(|n| divide(n, 27));
+    let division_results = numbers.into_iter()
+                                    .flat_map(|n| divide(n, 27))
+                                    .collect::<Vec<i32>>();
+    Ok(division_results)
 }
 
 // Complete the function and return a value of the correct type so the test
 // passes.
 // Desired output: [Ok(1), Ok(11), Ok(1426), Ok(3)]
-fn list_of_results() -> () {
+fn list_of_results() -> Vec<Result<i32, DivisionError>> {
     let numbers = vec![27, 297, 38502, 81];
-    let division_results = numbers.into_iter().map(|n| divide(n, 27));
+    numbers.into_iter()
+                    .map(|n| divide(n, 27))
+                    .collect::<Vec<Result<i32, DivisionError>>>()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/exercises/iterators/iterators4.rs b/exercises/iterators/iterators4.rs
index 79e1692b..cfff0f70 100644
--- a/exercises/iterators/iterators4.rs
+++ b/exercises/iterators/iterators4.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint iterators4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 pub fn factorial(num: u64) -> u64 {
     // Complete this function to return the factorial of num
     // Do not use:
@@ -15,6 +13,8 @@ pub fn factorial(num: u64) -> u64 {
     // For an extra challenge, don't use:
     // - recursion
     // Execute `rustlings hint iterators4` for hints.
+    (1..=num).fold(1u64, |acc, x| acc * x)
+    
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/exercises/iterators/iterators5.rs b/exercises/iterators/iterators5.rs
index a062ee4c..e3a4edcf 100644
--- a/exercises/iterators/iterators5.rs
+++ b/exercises/iterators/iterators5.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,6 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint iterators5` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ fn count_for(map: &HashMap<String, Progress>, value: Progress) -> usize {
 fn count_iterator(map: &HashMap<String, Progress>, value: Progress) -> usize {
     // map is a hashmap with String keys and Progress values.
     // map = { "variables1": Complete, "from_str": None, ... }
-    todo!();
+    map.values().filter(|x| **x == value).count()
 }
 
 fn count_collection_for(collection: &[HashMap<String, Progress>], value: Progress) -> usize {
@@ -54,7 +52,9 @@ fn count_collection_iterator(collection: &[HashMap<String, Progress>], value: Pr
     // collection is a slice of hashmaps.
     // collection = [{ "variables1": Complete, "from_str": None, ... },
     //     { "variables2": Complete, ... }, ... ]
-    todo!();
+    collection.iter()
+              .map(|m| count_iterator(m, value))
+              .sum()
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs b/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs
index 87bde490..5fe45ae0 100644
--- a/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs
+++ b/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint lifetimes1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-fn longest(x: &str, y: &str) -> &str {
+fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
     if x.len() > y.len() {
         x
     } else {
diff --git a/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs b/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs
index 4f3d8c18..ec5cf92b 100644
--- a/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs
+++ b/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs
@@ -6,8 +6,6 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint lifetimes2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
     if x.len() > y.len() {
         x
@@ -22,6 +20,7 @@ fn main() {
     {
         let string2 = String::from("xyz");
         result = longest(string1.as_str(), string2.as_str());
+        println!("The longest string is '{}'", result);
     }
-    println!("The longest string is '{}'", result);
+    // solution: or move the string2 to a bigger scope (outside let result...), or move the println inside the small scope 
 }
diff --git a/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs b/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs
index 9c59f9c0..aede10de 100644
--- a/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs
+++ b/exercises/lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs
@@ -5,11 +5,9 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint lifetimes3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
-struct Book {
-    author: &str,
-    title: &str,
+struct Book<'a> {
+    author: &'a str,
+    title: &'a str,
 }
 
 fn main() {
diff --git a/exercises/quiz3.rs b/exercises/quiz3.rs
index 62d4872a..8b923658 100644
--- a/exercises/quiz3.rs
+++ b/exercises/quiz3.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,15 @@ pub struct ReportCard<T> {
     pub student_age: u8,
 }
 
-impl <T: Display> ReportCard<T> {
+impl<T: Display> ReportCard<T> {
+    pub fn new (grade: T, name: String, age: u8) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            grade : grade, 
+            student_name : name,
+            student_age  : age,   
+        }
+    }
+  
     pub fn print(&self) -> String {
         format!("{} ({}) - achieved a grade of {}",
             &self.student_name, &self.student_age, &self.grade)
diff --git a/exercises/smart_pointers/arc1.rs b/exercises/smart_pointers/arc1.rs
index 3526ddcb..59cc7cc6 100644
--- a/exercises/smart_pointers/arc1.rs
+++ b/exercises/smart_pointers/arc1.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 //
 // Execute `rustlings hint arc1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
 
 #![forbid(unused_imports)] // Do not change this, (or the next) line.
 use std::sync::Arc;
@@ -29,15 +28,20 @@ use std::thread;
 
 fn main() {
     let numbers: Vec<_> = (0..100u32).collect();
-    let shared_numbers = // TODO
+    let shared_numbers = Arc::new(numbers);
     let mut joinhandles = Vec::new();
 
+    println!("Arc counter: {}",Arc::strong_count(&shared_numbers));
     for offset in 0..8 {
-        let child_numbers = // TODO
+        println!("\n****** Offset {} !!! Arc: {} ", offset, Arc::strong_count(&shared_numbers));
+        let child_numbers = Arc::clone(&shared_numbers);
+        let arcn = Arc::strong_count(&shared_numbers);
+        println!("After cloning Arc: {}", Arc::strong_count(&shared_numbers));
         joinhandles.push(thread::spawn(move || {
             let sum: u32 = child_numbers.iter().filter(|&&n| n % 8 == offset).sum();
-            println!("Sum of offset {} is {}", offset, sum);
+            println!("{} Arcn) Sum of offset {} is {}", arcn, offset, sum);
         }));
+        println!("Arc # {} (handles # {}) ******", arcn, joinhandles.len());
     }
     for handle in joinhandles.into_iter() {
         handle.join().unwrap();
diff --git a/exercises/smart_pointers/box1.rs b/exercises/smart_pointers/box1.rs
index 513e7daa..619ca862 100644
--- a/exercises/smart_pointers/box1.rs
+++ b/exercises/smart_pointers/box1.rs
@@ -18,11 +18,9 @@
 //
 // Execute `rustlings hint box1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 #[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
 pub enum List {
-    Cons(i32, List),
+    Cons(Box<i32>, Box<List>),
     Nil,
 }
 
@@ -35,11 +33,13 @@ fn main() {
 }
 
 pub fn create_empty_list() -> List {
-    todo!()
+    List::Nil
 }
 
 pub fn create_non_empty_list() -> List {
-    todo!()
+    List::Cons(Box::new(13), Box::new(
+                List::Cons(Box::new(12), Box::new(List::Nil))
+            ))
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/exercises/smart_pointers/cow1.rs b/exercises/smart_pointers/cow1.rs
index 7ca91686..ce7227c6 100644
--- a/exercises/smart_pointers/cow1.rs
+++ b/exercises/smart_pointers/cow1.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 //
 // Execute `rustlings hint cow1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
 
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 
@@ -48,7 +47,8 @@ mod tests {
         let slice = [0, 1, 2];
         let mut input = Cow::from(&slice[..]);
         match abs_all(&mut input) {
-            // TODO
+            Cow::Borrowed(_) => Ok(()),
+            _ => Err("Expected borrowed value"),
         }
     }
 
@@ -61,6 +61,8 @@ mod tests {
         let mut input = Cow::from(slice);
         match abs_all(&mut input) {
             // TODO
+            Cow::Owned(_) => Ok(()),
+            _ => Err("Expected borrowed value"),
         }
     }
 
@@ -73,6 +75,8 @@ mod tests {
         let mut input = Cow::from(slice);
         match abs_all(&mut input) {
             // TODO
+            Cow::Owned(_) => Ok(()),
+            _ => Err("Expected owned value"),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/exercises/smart_pointers/rc1.rs b/exercises/smart_pointers/rc1.rs
index ad3f1ce2..e74e6717 100644
--- a/exercises/smart_pointers/rc1.rs
+++ b/exercises/smart_pointers/rc1.rs
@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@
 //
 // Execute `rustlings hint rc1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -60,17 +58,17 @@ fn main() {
     jupiter.details();
 
     // TODO
-    let saturn = Planet::Saturn(Rc::new(Sun {}));
+    let saturn = Planet::Saturn(Rc::clone(&sun));
     println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references
     saturn.details();
 
     // TODO
-    let uranus = Planet::Uranus(Rc::new(Sun {}));
+    let uranus = Planet::Uranus(Rc::clone(&sun));
     println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references
     uranus.details();
 
     // TODO
-    let neptune = Planet::Neptune(Rc::new(Sun {}));
+    let neptune = Planet::Neptune(Rc::clone(&sun));
     println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 9 references
     neptune.details();
 
@@ -92,12 +90,13 @@ fn main() {
     println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references
 
     // TODO
+    drop(earth);
     println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references
 
-    // TODO
+    drop(venus);
     println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references
 
-    // TODO
+    drop(mercury);
     println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference
 
     assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 1);
diff --git a/exercises/tests/tests1.rs b/exercises/tests/tests1.rs
index 810277ac..eab3ba7a 100644
--- a/exercises/tests/tests1.rs
+++ b/exercises/tests/tests1.rs
@@ -10,12 +10,10 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint tests1` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn you_can_assert() {
-        assert!();
+        assert!(true);
     }
 }
diff --git a/exercises/tests/tests2.rs b/exercises/tests/tests2.rs
index f8024e9f..55339213 100644
--- a/exercises/tests/tests2.rs
+++ b/exercises/tests/tests2.rs
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint tests2` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn you_can_assert_eq() {
-        assert_eq!();
+        assert_eq!(1,1);
     }
 }
diff --git a/exercises/tests/tests3.rs b/exercises/tests/tests3.rs
index 4013e384..349e9d46 100644
--- a/exercises/tests/tests3.rs
+++ b/exercises/tests/tests3.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint tests3` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
 
 pub fn is_even(num: i32) -> bool {
     num % 2 == 0
@@ -19,11 +18,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn is_true_when_even() {
-        assert!();
+        assert!(is_even(4));
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn is_false_when_odd() {
-        assert!();
+        assert!(!is_even(3));
     }
 }
diff --git a/exercises/tests/tests4.rs b/exercises/tests/tests4.rs
index 935d0db1..57dbc530 100644
--- a/exercises/tests/tests4.rs
+++ b/exercises/tests/tests4.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 // Execute `rustlings hint tests4` or use the `hint` watch subcommand for a
 // hint.
 
-// I AM NOT DONE
-
 struct Rectangle {
     width: i32,
     height: i32
@@ -30,17 +28,19 @@ mod tests {
     fn correct_width_and_height() {
         // This test should check if the rectangle is the size that we pass into its constructor
         let rect = Rectangle::new(10, 20);
-        assert_eq!(???, 10); // check width
-        assert_eq!(???, 20); // check height
+        assert_eq!(rect.width, 10); // check width
+        assert_eq!(rect.height, 20); // check height
     }
 
     #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
     fn negative_width() {
         // This test should check if program panics when we try to create rectangle with negative width
         let _rect = Rectangle::new(-10, 10);
     }
 
     #[test]
+    #[should_panic]
     fn negative_height() {
         // This test should check if program panics when we try to create rectangle with negative height
         let _rect = Rectangle::new(10, -10);