Merge 91fd773859d319f9c94afc160ee5e867a70755e8 into 1d53bd1b54cf8ccf7638862be43d9ae2c964c9ea

dev/Cargo.toml

@@ -188,6 +188,8 @@ bin = [
   { name = "try_from_into_sol", path = "../solutions/23_conversions/try_from_into.rs" },
   { name = "as_ref_mut", path = "../exercises/23_conversions/as_ref_mut.rs" },
   { name = "as_ref_mut_sol", path = "../solutions/23_conversions/as_ref_mut.rs" },
+  { name = "async1", path = "../exercises/24_async/async1.rs" },
+  { name = "async1_sol", path = "../solutions/24_async/async1.rs" },
 ]
 
 [package]
@@ -196,6 +198,9 @@ edition = "2024"
 # Don't publish the exercises on crates.io!
 publish = false
 
+[dependencies]
+tokio = { version = "1", features = ["rt"] }
+
 [profile.release]
 panic = "abort"
 

exercises/24_async/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Async
+
+Asynchronous programming is a model where tasks are delegated to a runtime that executes them concurrently.
+It is particularly efficient for applications where many independent IO-operations are performed, e.g. web servers.
+
+Rust provides the necessary primitives to do asynchronous programming in the language.
+However, Rust's standard library does not include a runtime.
+For these exercises, we will use the mainstream runtime called `tokio`.
+
+## Further information
+
+- [Fundamentals of Asynchronous Programming](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch17-00-async-await.html)
+- [Tokio documentation](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/)

exercises/24_async/async1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Alice is an elementary school teacher who needs to calculate the mean test
+// score for three classes she teaches. Instead of calculating them one after
+// the other, she decides to ask her friends Bob and Catherine for help. Working
+// together, they can finish the job much faster.
+//
+// Let's simulate this using asynchronous programming. Each person is
+// represented as an asynchronous task, which can be executed concurrently (i.e.
+// they can be doing the calculations at the same time).
+
+fn main() {
+    // Async tasks need to be executed by a "runtime", which is not provided by
+    // Rust's standard library. Here, we use the mainstream runtime `tokio`.
+    let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+        .build()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let scores_class_a = &[83, 77, 92];
+    let scores_class_b = &[84, 88, 96];
+    let scores_class_c = &[71, 83, 76];
+
+    // TODO: Fix the compiler errors by making the spawned function async.
+    let alice = rt.spawn(calculate_mean_score(scores_class_a));
+    let bob = rt.spawn(calculate_mean_score(scores_class_b));
+    let catherine = rt.spawn(calculate_mean_score(scores_class_c));
+
+    // Block the runtime on a task that awaits all three calculations.
+    let [mean_score_a, mean_score_b, mean_score_c]: [usize; _] = rt.block_on(async {
+        [
+            // TODO: "await" all three tasks to fix the compiler error.
+            alice, bob, catherine,
+        ]
+    });
+
+    assert_eq!(mean_score_a, 84);
+    assert_eq!(mean_score_b, 89);
+    assert_eq!(mean_score_c, 76);
+}
+
+fn calculate_mean_score(score_list: &[usize]) -> usize {
+    let score_sum: usize = score_list.iter().sum();
+    score_sum / score_list.len()
+}

rustlings-macros/info.toml

@@ -1199,3 +1199,17 @@ name = "as_ref_mut"
 dir = "23_conversions"
 hint = """
 Add `AsRef<str>` or `AsMut<u32>` as a trait bound to the functions."""
+
+# ASYNC
+
+[[exercises]]
+name = "async1"
+dir = "24_async"
+test = false
+hint = """
+Asynchronous runtimes like tokio can only spawn tasks that are defined as async
+functions, not regular ones. Add the "async" keyword before the "fn" keyword of
+the functions "tim", "carl" and "nick".
+
+An async task can wait for another one to complete by "awaiting" it. Add
+".await" after the three "task_name" variables in the "block_on" call."""

solutions/24_async/async1.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Alice is an elementary school teacher who needs to calculate the mean test
+// score for three classes she teaches. Instead of calculating them one after
+// the other, she decides to ask her friends Bob and Catherine for help. Working
+// together, they can finish the job much faster.
+//
+// Let's simulate this using asynchronous programming. Each person is
+// represented as an asynchronous task, which can be executed concurrently (i.e.
+// they can be doing the calculations at the same time).
+
+fn main() {
+    // Async tasks need to be executed by a "runtime", which is not provided by
+    // Rust's standard library. Here, we use the mainstream runtime `tokio`.
+    let rt = tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread()
+        .build()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    let scores_class_a = &[83, 77, 92];
+    let scores_class_b = &[84, 88, 96];
+    let scores_class_c = &[71, 83, 76];
+
+    let alice = rt.spawn(calculate_mean_score(scores_class_a));
+    let bob = rt.spawn(calculate_mean_score(scores_class_b));
+    let catherine = rt.spawn(calculate_mean_score(scores_class_c));
+
+    // Block the runtime on a task that awaits all three calculations.
+    let [mean_score_a, mean_score_b, mean_score_c]: [usize; _] = rt.block_on(async {
+        [
+            alice.await.unwrap(),
+            bob.await.unwrap(),
+            catherine.await.unwrap(),
+        ]
+    });
+
+    assert_eq!(mean_score_a, 84);
+    assert_eq!(mean_score_b, 89);
+    assert_eq!(mean_score_c, 76);
+}
+
+async fn calculate_mean_score(score_list: &[usize]) -> usize {
+    let score_sum: usize = score_list.iter().sum();
+    score_sum / score_list.len()
+}